TENSES

Tenses used in English are 16 kinds, which is commonly called "16 tenses". Lets begin to learn !!! 1. PRESENT TENSES Formula: 1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O 2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O 3) Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) He writes a letter every month (-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month (?) Dors he writes a letter every month? 2. (+) She teaches English every week (- ) She doesn’t teaches English every week (?) Does she teaches English every week? 3.(+) They studys matematic every day (- ) They don’t studys matematic every day (?) Do they studys matematic every day? 4.(+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday (- ) She doesn’t works in the office every Monday to Saturday (?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday? 5.(+) They go to Jakarta every years (- ) They don’t go to Jakarta every years (? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years? A .Fungstion Present tenses 1. Made to perform custom actions: Ex:(+) He is works every day (-) He is not works every day (?) Is he works every day? 2. Used to express a general truth: Ex:(+) A week has seven day (-) A week has not seven day (?) Has a week seven day? B. Time Signal 1. Usually Ex: I usually get up at 5 o’clock 2. Always Ex: I always drink milk C. Often Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house 4. Generally Ex: A rectangular has four corner 5. Seldom Ex: She seldom goes to school by car 2. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES Formula : 1. Positif : S+V.ing+O 2. Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI (-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI (?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI? 2. (+) you are writing present continous now (-) you are not writing present continous now (?) are you writing present continous now? 3. (+) we are learning tenses now (-) we are not learning tenses now (?) are we learning tenses now? 4. (+) I am going to school now (-) I am not going to school now (?) Am I going to school now? 5. (+) Daus and Anis are running now (-) Daus and Anis are not running now (?) are Daus and Anis running now? A. Fungtion present continous tenses 1. Used to express the action is happening Ex: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now (-) I am not going to Jakarta now (?) Am I going to Jakarta now? 2. Used to declare an act of temporary Ex: (+) Chindy is writing now but he will explain soon (-) Chindy is not writing now but he will explain soon (?) Is Chindy writing now but he will explain soon? B.TIME SIGNAL 1. Today Ex : Iam today teaching English 2. Right now Ex : Rini is working right now 3. When Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park 4. Now Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now 5. Still Ex : He is still angry to me 3. PAST TENSES Formula: 1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O *Example: 1. (+) Sarah invite me last week (-) Sarah did not invite last week (?) Did Sarah invite last week? 2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday (-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday (?) went I to Jakarta yesterday? 3. (+) You watch tv last week (-) You did not watch tv last week (?) Did you watch tv last week? 4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week (-) I wrote not letter her last week (?) Wrotw I letter her last week? 5. (+) It rain since at five o’clock (-) It did not rain since at five o’clock (?) Did it rain since at five o’clock? B. FUNGTION PASST TENSES Used to declare an event that began and ended the incident, in the past. And until now, has nothing to do anymore. A past incident, both done many times or once Ex: (+) I went yesterday (-) I did not went yesterday (?) Did I went yesterday? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last Year Ex: I went to Yogjakarta last year 2. Yesterday Ex: Dini went to my home yesterday 3. Last Week Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week 4. Ago Ex: She taught English three days ago 5. Last Saturday Ex: I went to here last Saturday PAST CONTINOUS TENSES Formula : 1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O 2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o 3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o *Example: 1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday (-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday (?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday? 2. (+) He was playing football yesterday (-) He was not playing football yesterday (?) was he playing football yesterday? 3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday (-) They were not working in the office yesterday (?) Were they working in the office yesterday? 4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I come yesterday (-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday (?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday? 5. (+) They were studying Biologi at ten O’clock last Friday (-) They were not studying Biologi at ten o’clock last Friday (?) were they studying Biologi at temn o’clock last Friday? B. FUNGTION PASST CONTINOUS TENSES a. Used to declare the two events being berlangsungdalam same time in the past. Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain (-) I was not going to garden when it began to rain (?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain? b. Used to express an action in the past. Ex: (+) at three o’clock last week, She was reading (-) at three o’clock last week,She was not reading (?) at three o’clock last week,was she reading? c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu dan berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau. Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter (-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter (?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last Week Ex: at seven o’clock last week 2. Yesterday Ex: all day yesterday SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O 2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning (-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning (?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning? 2. (+) I shall study hard next mounth (-) I shall not study hard next mounth (?) Shall I study hard next mounth? 3. (+) I am go to Singkawang tomorrow (-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow (?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow? 4. (+) She will write this lesson next week (-) She will not write this lesson next week (?) will She write this lesson next week? 5. (+) I shall go to Medan tomorrow (-) I shall not go to Medan tomorrow (?) Shall I go to Medan tomorrow? B. FUNGSI SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES a. digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan. Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow (-) I shall not go to Surakarta tomorrow (?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow? b. Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan syatu janji. Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow (-) I shall not give you book tomorrow (?) Shall I give you book tomorrow? c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat: Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams (-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams (?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams? d. Digunakan untuk menyantks\an meminta tolong kepada seseorang. Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table (-) You will not help me lift this table (?) Will you help me lift this table? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Tomorrow Ex: I shall work tomorrow 2. next week Ex: I shall teach next week 3. Next Mounth Ex: He will study in here next mounth PAST FUTURE TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day (-) I should not go to Mojosari next day (?) Should I go to Mojosari next day? 2. (+) He would by a car the day before (-) He would not by a car the day before (?) Would He by a car the day before? 3. (+) He would come if you invited him (-) He would not come if you invited him (?) Would he come if you invited him? 4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday (-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday (?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday? 5. (+) She would have breakfast before at seven (-) She would not have breakfast before at seven (?) Would she have breakfast before at seven? B. FUNGSI PAST FUTURE TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau. Ex: (+) I should go to England last year (-) I should not go to England last year (?) Should I go to England last year? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last year Ex: He would go to Semarang last year 2. Last week Ex: They would trip a Paris last week 3. Before Ex: I should by a car the day before 4. Next day Ex: She should go to Riau next day 5. Invited Ex: They would come if you invited him PRESENT PERFECT TENSES *Rumus: 1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O 2. Negatif (-) : S+have/has+not+V3+O 3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) We have learned English for two years (-) We have not learned English for two years (?) Have we learned English for two years? 2. (+) She has taught English since 1988 (-) She has not taught English since 1988 (?) Has she taught English since 1988? 3. (+) He has been to Jakarta before (-) He has not been to Jakarta before (?) Has he been to Jakarta before? 4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty minutes (-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes (?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes? 5. (+) I have just spoken to him (-) I have not just spoken to him (?) Have I just spoken to him? B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu). Ex: (+) I have gone to school (-) I have not gone to school (?) Have I gone to school? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini. Ex: (+) I have learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000 (-) I have not learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000 (?) Have I learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000? c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi. Ex: (+) I have just read my book (-) I have not just read my book (?) Have I just read my book? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Already Ex: have had breakfast already 2. Three Times Ex: I have been drink medicine three times a day 3. Finally Ex: finally, He has started to finally PAST PERFECT TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O 2. Negatif (-): S+had not+V3+o 3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) The train had left before I arrived (-) The train had not left before I arrived (?) Had the train left before I arrived? 2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come home (-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home (?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home? 3. (+) I had come home before I week three (-) I had not come home before I week three (?) Had I come home before I week three? 4. (+) I had written this lesson before he called me (-) I had not written a lesson before he called me (?) Had I written a lesson before he called me? 5. (+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my car (-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car (?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car? B. FUNGSI PAST PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau. Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three (-) I had not come home before I when three (?) Had I come home before I when three? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa yang lampau. Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here (-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here (?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. On Ex: On sunday morning, I painted my car 2. When Ex: When my brother arrived, I had painted my car 3. Before Ex: The train had left before I arrived 4. After Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four (-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four (?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four? 2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow (-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow (?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow? 3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening (-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening (?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening? 4. (+) He will be working at this time tomorrow (-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow (?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow? 5. (+) She will going to be school together at seven o’clcok tomorrow (-) She will not going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow (?) Will she going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow? B.FUNGSI FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana, yang dilaksanakan mendatang. Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow (-) I will not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow (?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow? b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada masa mendatang. Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow (-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow (?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. At nine a o’clock tomorrow Ex: I shall be working at nine a o’clock tomorrow morning 2. At this time next year Ex: at this time next year, Peter will be traveling in Japan PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+have/has+been+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O 3. Itrogatif (?): Have/has+S+been+Ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002 (-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002 (?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002? 2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003 (-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003 (?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003? 3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time (-) She has not painting every day for a long time (?) Has she painting every day or along time? 4. (+) It has been raining since at six o’clock (-) It has not been raining since at six o’clock (?) Has it been raining since at six o’clock? 5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was a child (-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child (?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child? B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990 (-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990 (?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan akan berlangsung sampiai sekarang. Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000 (-) I have not been studying here since 2000 (?) Have I been studying here since 2000? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Since Ex: We have been waiting for you since ne o’clock 2. For Ex: She has been studying English for over five tears 3. This mounth Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O 2. Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o *Example: 1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her (-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her (?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her? 2. (+) I had been playing a football when they came (-) I had not been playing a football when they came (?) Had I been playing a football when they came? 3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable when he came (-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came (?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came? 4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours (-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours (?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours? 5. (+) I had been waiting for you since at seven o’clock (-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock (?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven o’clock? B. FUNGSI PASTPERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga. Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet (-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet (?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. When Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been FUTURE PERFECT TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O 2. negatif (-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O 3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out (-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out (?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out? 2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get three (-) The game will not finished by the time he get three (?) Will the game finished by the time he get three? 3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow (-) I shall not have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow (?) Shall I have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow? 4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he came (-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came (?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came? 5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house (-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house (?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu yang lain dimasa mendatang. Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book (-) By next week he will not have read this book (?) Will by next week he have read trhis book? b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan lain, dimasa yang akan datang. Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house (-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house (?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house? C.TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of Ex: John will have done his work by the end of this week 2. By next Ex: By next week he will have read this book FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow (-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow (?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow? 2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths (-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths (?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths? 3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years (-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years (?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years? 4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one years (-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year (?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year? 5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow (-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow (?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang. Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year C. TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of this year Ex: by the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for four year 2. By the end of this month Ex: By the end of this month, I shall have been working in this office for five years FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+be+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O *Example: 1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week (-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week (?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week? 2. (+) We should be going to beach the following week (-) We should not be going to beach the following week (?) Should we be going to beach the following week? 3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the following day (-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day (?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day? 4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon (-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon (?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon? 5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year (-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year (?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa yang lampau. Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day C. TIME SIGNAL Last week Ex: At six o’clock last week, I should be buying in this supermarket FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+V2+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O *Example: 1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here (-) I should not have paif if I had come here (?) Should I have paif if I had come here? 2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked here (-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here (?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here? 3. (+) She would have graduated if she had studied hard (-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard (?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard? 4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked here (-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here (?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here? 5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come here (-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here (?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai bayangan saja. Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard (-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard (?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. If he had studied hard Ex: They would have graduated if they had studied hard FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O 3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O *Example: 1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year (-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year (?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year? 2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years (-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year (?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years? 3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years (-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years (?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years? 4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday (-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday (?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday? 5. (+) The magazine would have been red by Anis (-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis (?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau. Ex: (+) By last lebaran I should have been working in that office for five years (-) By last lebaran I should not have been working in that office for five years (?) Should by last lebaran I have been working in that office for five years? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of this week Ex: By the ed of this week, I should have come here 2. By the end of this mounth Ex: By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated studied